What are the sequence numbers for each segment if data are sent in five segments, each carrying 1,000 bytes? Suppose a TCP connection is transferring a file of 5,000 bytes. The sequence number for each segment is the number of the first byte Total data to be sent is 6,000 bytes, the bytes are numbered from 1,057 to 7,056.Īfter the bytes have been numbered, TCP assigns a sequence number to each segment For example, if the number happens to be 1,057 and the Instead, TCP chooses an arbitrary number between 0 and ((2)**32)− 1 for Stores them in the sending buffer and numbers them. When TCP receives bytes of data from a process, TCP TCP numbers all data bytes (octets) that are transmitted in a connection. These two fields refer to a byte number and not a segment number. Instead, there are two fields called the sequence number and the acknowledgment number. That's why TCP is reliable, now why we called TCP a stream oriented protocol?Īs we all know TCP protocol keeps track of the segments being transmitted or received that's why it is reliable but still if you see TCP segment header, there is no field for a segment number value in the segment header. The main difference between UDP and TCP is UDP provides a connection-less service whereas TCP provides connection oriented services. TCP and UDP both are transport layer protocols, both provides a process to process delivery (client to server), but they are very different from each other in the way they provide their services. Live straming of TV is generally UDP because you are not worried about loss of packets. However, this is the layering of an additional protocol on top of UDP, and it is not something inherent in the UDP protocol itself. Note, some applications might present the data as a stream when the underlying protocol is UDP. Import creates a packet first before talking to UDP, and the packet is sent out with additional information by UDP/IP protocols to the server side. UDP, on the other hand, is a packet-oriented protocol where the application such as Java class File transmission is preferred via TCP over UDP because you can't afford losing of packets. Basically, the application layer above sends the data in stream to the TCP layer and TCP breaks it down into packets to the network layer, and performs packet-to-streaming while receiving fro the server (receiving) side because your application Java can understand only Stream. The question comes, is the data sent in stream (Codata or infinite stream) or packet if I chose TCP? The answer is data received by the TCP method is stream but TCP converts stream into packet before sending the lower lavel stack. Once the connection is established the data transmission starts. Let us say that you are you using a Java program to connect to a network in your application by calling class on the client side and on the server side. TCP/IP is a stream-oriented, Packet and Connection oriented protocol. Withĭatagrams ten send calls means ten packets and ten receive calls While the receiver receives all that data with one recv call. In practice it means that withĭatagrams each send/write call sends one packet, and each read/recvĬall receives one packet, while with stream protocol the data can be With datagrams (smaller) data chunks are sendĪnd received at once as a whole. The sequence number helps to reorder packets.Ī byte stream consist of one big chunk of data with no segments or It might be delivered out of order while being sent through ip datagrams but is assembled into contiguous data latter, thereby appearing as a stream. Now it will be divided into tcp segments where each segment would have a sequence number say first is 1-1200 byte, second is 1201 - 2400 and so on. you had data from number 1 to 4000 bytes. TCP is stream oriented because it is able to assemble data in contiguous format.
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